White’s thesis:

the middle ages (5th to 16th centuries) have usually seen as a unity when in reality it saw great change and diversity
three movements shaped the western church btw. Apostolic times and the modern pd.:  Monastic movement:  Monastic reformation (11th to 13th cents): Protestant Reformation- each had a desire to recapture the authentic xn life
Monastic movement- 1) centers of learning: Bendedict, Cassidorus- inspired them to be scholars and workers- created social atmosphere favorable to scientific development, 2) evangelistic- expanded thru Northern European paganism—brought concept of orderly concept of univese, integrated pattern to history, king and peasant were equal; Cluniacs- brought spiritual renewal free from feudal control and the rise of a capitalist class; Cistercians brought agricultual transformation and rise of industry and capitalism by producing wool
Mendicant Movement- Francis and Dominican- 1) new defense of faith-healthy respect of human reason and natural world, Thomas Aquinas synthesized faith and reason, Aristotle and Augustine 2) new missionary strategy- preparation for mission in the world- established houses in emerging cities, 3) spirituality- devotion to the babe in the manger with awe at the cross- becoming a helpless child and self giving victim on a cross, brought renewal to 3rd order groups in existing church- Friends of God and Brethern of Common Life- devout laypeople
Reformation- 1) rid distinctions btw. Religious life and secular life, 2) monasticize the laity